GyrA Mutations in Nosocomial Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

In recent decades, fluoroquinolones have been broadly used to treat health care-associated Gram-negative bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin is the most commonly used fluoroquinolone for treatment of UTIs as it exists in oral and intravenous preparations (Schaeffer, 2002). However, resistance to fluoroquinolones has become prevalent due to this widespread use (Ena et al.,1998). Mutation in DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV are the most important mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones (Minarini and Darini, 2012; Moon et al., 2010).Other resistance mechanisms, including, alteration in the outer membrane International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 1902-1907 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com